ASTM A192 and ASTM A213 cover the specifications for pipes and tubes used in cylinders. These pipes are typically seamless and are mid-pressure applications. Since cylinders have a maximum pressure reach of 1.65 MPa, these pipes are well-equipped for the task.
ASTM A192 Specifications for Cylinder Pipes
This standard covers minimal wall thickness, seamless carbon steel boiler tubes for high-pressure applications. Pipes are made under ASTM A192 specifications in high-pressure boilers whose working pressure does not exceed 9.8 MPa. These pipes also possess the following characteristics
- These pipes have an average thickness of 3 mm to 12 mm.
- ASTM A192 pipes are either cold rolled or cold drawn.
- This standard covers schedules 40, 80, 160, XS, and XXS.
- ASTM A192 boiler pipes are available in straight tube and U-bend tube.
- These pipes have an Outside Diameter of ½ inch to 7 inches.
- The length of the boiler tubing varies from 19 feet to 104 feet.
Outside Diameter Tolerance of ASTM A192 Cylinder Pipes/Tubes
| Outside Diameter (OD) | Tolerance | |
| Hot Rolled Tube | OD ≤101.6 | +0.4/-0.8 |
| 101.6<OD≤177.8 | +0.4/-1.2 | |
| Cold Drawn Tube | ||
| 101.6<OD≤188.8 | +o.38/-0.64 | |
| 76.2≤OD≤101.6 | +/-0.38 | |
| 63.5VOD<76.2 | +/-0.30 | |
| 50.8≤OD<63.5 | +/-0.25 | |
| 3.1<OD<50.8 | +/-0.20 | |
| 25.4≤OD≤38.1 | +/-0.15 | |
| OD<25.4 | +/-0.10 |
Wall Thickness Tolerance of ASTM A192 Cylinder Pipes/Tubes
| Outside Diameter (OD) | Tolerance | |
| Cold Drawn | OD ≤38.1 | +20/-0 |
| OD>38.1 | +22/-0 | |
| Hot Rolled | ||
| OD>101.6, WT>4.6 | +28/-0 | |
| OD>101.6, 3.8<WT≤4.6 | +33/-0 | |
| OD>101.6, <WT≤3.8 | +35/-0 | |
| OD≤101.6, WT>4.6 | +28/-0 | |
| OD≤101.6, 3.8<WT≤4.6 | +33/-0 | |
| OD≤101.6, 2.4<WT≤3.8 | +35/-0 | |
| OD≤101.6, WT≤2.4 | +40/-0 |
Tensile Properties for ASTM A192 Cylinder Pipes/ Tubes
| Properties | ASTM A192 |
| Hardness(maximum) | 77 HRB |
| Tensile Strength | 325 MPa |
| Yield Strength | 180 MPa |
| Elongation(Minimum %) | 35 % |
Chemical Properties for ASTM A192 Cylinder Pipes/ Tubes
| Elements | ASTM A192 |
| Silicon | 0.25% (max %) |
| Sulfur | 0.035% (max %) |
| Carbon | 0.06% to 0.18 % |
| Manganese | 0.27 % to 0.63 % |
| Phosphorous | 0.035% (max %) |
Mechanical Tests Required in Making ASTM A192 Cylinder Pipes
Pipes manufactured under ASTM A 192 specs have to undergo several mechanical tests to check their viability. The following tests help determine whether a product is fit for sale or not.
- Flattening Test
Two tube lengths from each lot of pipes will be selected as specimens to conduct the flattening test. Manufacturers conduct this check to test the ultimate plastic deformation of steel pipes. On applying pressure along the length of the sample pipe, the pipe gets deformed, helping reveal crack defects in the makeup.
- Hardness Test
Rockwell and Brinell Hardness Test are to be conducted on two pipes per lot before cutting. These specimens must have the same nominal diameter and wall thickness produced at a specific temperature.
The number of pipes to be hardness-tested also varies according to the heating method. For example, for piping heated in a batch-type furnace, only tubes of the same size and heat are included. Meanwhile, for pipes heated in a continuous furnace, the specimens should include all piping of the same heat and size, treated at the same temperature, furnace speed, and time.
- Hydrostatic Test
Each tube under ASTM specification A213 is to pass through hydrostatic pressure testing. However, if a client recommends it, manufacturers can opt for a nondestructive test as suggested.
- Flaring Test
Like the flattening test, manufacturers use pipe flaring to check potential defects in a pipe’s makeup. In this test, a mandrel gets inserted into any ends of the sample piping at speeds of 20 to 50 mm per minute. The insertion angle is 60 degrees, which causes the Outer Diameter (OD) to expand up to 115% of the original size. The batch is deemed qualified if no cracks appear on the pipe surface.
According to the ASTM A213 specification, the pipes used for the flaring test cannot be the same specimens used for the flattening. It also states that one flaring test is conducted for each end of two tubes from a specific lot.
General Requirements of ASTM A192 Cylinder Pipes/Tubes
- The material requirements of these pipes should comply with specifications A 450/A and 450M under ASTM.
- Tubes under ASTM A213 can be hot rolled, cold finished, or customized per client instructions. The latter shall be heat treated via exposure to temperatures of 1200 Degrees Fahrenheit after it has been cold finished.
- The markings on ASTM A213 pipes must specify whether they are cold or hot finished. Additionally, these markings are prescribed by specifications A 450/A, 450M under ASTM.
Ordering Information Regarding ASTM A192 Cylinder PIes/Tubes
For precise service with your piping, orders for ASTM A192 Pipes must include the following details
- The piping quantity must be specified in feet, meters, or the number of lengths
- The pipe material name must be mentioned (seamless in this case)
- The manufacturing method for pipes- whether hot-finished or cold-finished
- Size, specifying the Outer Dimension (OD) and minimum wall thickness
- Length - this can be either DRL, SRL, or customized
- Test report and specification (if required)
- Special requirements
Equivalent Standards for Ordering ASTM A192 PIpes
- JIS G3461
- EN 10216-1
- EN10216-2
- DIN 17175
- BS 3059 Part II
- NF A 49-213
- NBR 5594
- GB 3087
- ISO 9329-2
- GB 5310
- ISO 9330-2
Other Relevant Specifications for Cylinder Tube Production
ASTM A213 Specification for Cylinder Pipe/Tube
This specification covers the standards for ferric and austenitic alloy steel boiler, heat exchanger, and superheater tubes.
Tensile Properties for ASTM A192 Cylinder Pipes/ Tubes
| Properties | ASTM A213 Grade TP304 | ASTM A213 Grade TP304 |
| Tensile Strength | 515 MPa (minimum) | 485 MPa (minimum) |
| Yield Strength | 205 MPa (minimum) | 170 MPa (minimum) |
| Elongation(Minimum %) | 35 % | 35% |
| Minimum Temperature | 1900 Degrees Fahrenheit | 1900 Degrees Fahrenheit |
Chemical Properties of ASTM A213 Pipes
| Elements | ASTM A213 Grade TP304 | ASTM A213 Grade TP304 L |
| Silicon | 1.0% | 1.0% |
| Sulfur | 0.03% | 0.03% |
| Carbon | 0.8% | 0.35% |
| Manganese | 2% | 2% |
| Phosphorous | 0.045% | 0.045% |
| Nickel | 8.0% to 11.0% | 8.0% to 11.0% |
| Chromium | 18.0% to 20.0% | 18.0% to 20.0% |