Introduction
A part of the American Petroleum Institute, API 5L X65 Pipe (ISO 3183 L450 pipe) is a high-level pipe operated for the transmission of liquids and gases.
The name of the pipe is X65 pipe or L450 pipe because of its lowest yield strength which is 65000 Ksi or 450 Mpa.
API 5L Pipes have levels from B to X70 based on quality, and therefore, the Grade X65 pipe is considered to be one of the premium grade materials when compared to other pipes.
In general, X65 pipe has two product specification categories. They are PSL1 and PSL2.
Product Description
As the X65 Pipes are invulnerable to vibrations and shock, the various types of such steel pipes are utilized in work that is based on drilling and transporting liquids and gases.
The Material of API 5L X65 differs based on the various applications also. There is a range of alloy steel materials and carbon steel that are employed for the making of these pipes.
These products, with a sturdy form, have leading use in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas businesses. Among the trades that wield the API 5L X65 pipe are textiles, mines, building construction, vehicles, and marine, along with engineering and power generation industries.
Specifications
Despite being a premium-class material, the fact remains that X65 pipes are carbon steel pipes and are not of alloy composition. Due to this reason, the specifications, functions, and capacities of API 5L X65 pipecorrespond with the capacity and extent of carbon steel.
PSL1 is a basic kind that is used for pipelines. On the other hand, PSL2 has comparatively more severe chemical and mechanical features, along with other testing prerequisites.
The primary advantage of X65 is its resistance to cracking forces that may occur in lengthy pipelines. Moreover, it comes with sour service suitability and is quite economical and affordable with a good service life.
Chemical Properties
As has already been shown, X65 pipe is a premium grade equipment, but it is nonetheless a carbon steel pipe and does not have an alloy composition. Naturally, its chemical properties are based on those facts.
API 5L X65 PSL1
Steel Type/Grade | Mass Fraction Based on Heat and Product Research (%) | |||
C | Mn | P | S | |
Max | Max | Max | Max | |
PLS1 | ||||
Seamless Pipe | ||||
X65 | 0.28 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
Welded Pipe | ||||
X65 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
API 5L X65 PSL2
Steel Type/Grade | Mass Fraction Based on Heat and Product Research (%) | |||
C | Mn | P | S | |
Max | Max | Max | Max | |
PLS2 | ||||
Seamless Pipe | ||||
X65Q | 0.18 | 1.70 | 0.025 | 0.015 |
Welded Pipe | ||||
X65M | 0.12 | 1.60 | 0.025 | 0.015 |
Mechanical Properties
The mechanical aspects of both API 5L X65 PSL1 and API 5L X65 PSL2 are given below:
API 5L X65 PSL1
Pipe Grade | Tensile Characteristics: Pipe Body of SMLS and Welded Pipes | The Seam of Welded Pipe | ||
Yield Strength a | Tensile Strength a | Elongation | Tensile Strength b | |
Rt0,5 PSI Min | Rm PSI Min | (in 2in Af % min) | Rm PSI Min | |
X65 | 65,300 | 77,500 | c | 77,500 |
API 5L X65 PSL2
Pipe Grade | Tensile Characteristics: Pipe Body of SMLS and Welded Pipes | The Seam of Welded Pipe | ||
Yield Strength a | Tensile Strength a | Elongation and Ration a,c | Tensile Strength b | |
Rt0,5 PSI Min | Rm PSI Min | Elongation: in 2in Af % min) Ratio: R10,5IRm | Rm PSI | |
X65Q, X65M | Minimum: 65,300 Maximum: 87,000 | Minimum: 77,600 Maximum: 110,200 | Maximum: 0.93 (Ratio) Minimum: f (Elongation) | Minimum: 76,600 |
Equivalent Designation
API 5L X65 (API 5L X65 PSL1 and API 5L X65 PSL2)
ASME Equivalent
ASTM API 5L | Line Pipes Specifications | |
Material Type | PLS1 | L450 or x65 |
Material Type | PLS2 | L450Q or X65Q L450M or X65M |
Types of API 5L X65 Pipe
The product API 5L X65 Pipe is generally of three kinds - API 5L X65 PSL1, API 5L X65 PSL2, and API 5L X65 sour service.
i) API 5L X65 PSL1
L450 PSL1 or API 5L Grade X65 pipe is a standard carbon steel substance among the various types and is mostly for common use. Compared to the other two kinds, this pipe has the greatest quantity of C, P, S, Mn, and Si.
ii) API 5L X65 PSL2
In the case of API 5L X65 PSL2, all of the mentioned components have a lesser value compared to API 5L X65 PSL1. It is because PSL2 needs CEq ≤ 0.43 and CEpcm ≤ 0.25. Ceq refers to the carbon equivalent,and it influences the steel welding performance as well as the strength value.
iii) API 5L X65 Sour Service
API 5L X65 Sour Service line pipe mandates a rigid constraint over the chemical configuration. And to protect the pipe from corrosive conditions involving H2S, low carbon and low CEPcm values will lessen the martensite to improve the corrosive resistance to H2S. Along with that, the value of both P and S should also be lesser than regular line pipes. Its mechanical strength is, however, the same as that of API 5L X65 PSL2 pipes.
Conclusion
The API 5L X65 line pipe is manufactured to be employed as one of the most inexpensive and protected methods of transporting liquids and gases. A substantial amount of accidents are caused due to faults in pipes. And in most cases, the reason behind them is believed to be corrosion.
The variations of API 5L X65 Pipes are formulated with exceptional corrosion and can function even at extreme temperatures. These pipes are made of great chemical composition, and that makes them multipurpose, resourceful, and very useful.